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Principality of Serbia (medieval)
The Principality of Serbia or Serbian Principality ((セルビア語:Cрпска кнежевина/Srpska kneževina)) was an early medieval state of the Serbs ruled by the Vlastimirović dynasty, that existed from 780 to 969 in Southeastern Europe. Its first ruler known by name was Višeslav. In 822, the Serbs were said to rule the "greater part of Dalmatia", and at the same time the Bulgars had taken the lands to the east, preparing to conquer Serbia. Vlastimir defeated the Bulgar army in a three-year-war (839–842), and the two powers lived in peace for some decades. Vlastimir's three sons succeeded in ruling Serbia together, although not for long; Serbia became a key part in the power struggle between the Byzantines and Bulgars (in predominantly Byzantine alliance), which also resulted in major dynastic civil wars for a period of three decades. Serbia was annexed by the Bulgars for three years (924–927), until the return of the political hostage Prince Časlav, who united several provinces, becoming the most powerful of the Vlastimirović. An important event was the establishment of Christianity as state-religion in 869 AD, and the founding of the first Serbian eparchy, the Eparchy of Ras. The information of the Vlastimirović dynasty ends with ''De Administrando Imperio'' (fl. 950–960). Serbia was annexed by the Byzantines in 969 and ruled as the Catepanate of Ras.
== Background ==
Slavs (Sklavenoi) settled the Balkans in the 6th century. The history of the early medieval Serbian principality and the Vlastimirović dynasty is recorded in the work ''De Administrando Imperio'' (On the Governance of the Empire, abbr. "DAI"), compiled by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (r. 913–959). The work mentions the first Serbian ruler, without a name (known conventionally as "Unknown Archon"), that led the Serbs to the Balkans and received the protection of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641), and was said to have died long before the Bulgar invasion (680). The Serbian ruler was titled "Prince (''archon'') of the Serbs" (αρχων Σερβλίας). The DAI mentions that the Serbian throne is inherited by ''the son'', i.e. the first-born.〔 His descendants succeeded him, but their names are unknown until the coming of Višeslav.
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